Need to mix up your current routine or break through a plateau? Check out this article by John Gaglione for more info.
Eccentric Training for Athletes by John Gaglione
Need to mix up your current routine or break through a plateau? Check out this article by John Gaglione for more info.
Eccentric Training for Athletes by John Gaglione
Are you scared to death of overtraining? Or are you one who won't leave the gym until you collapse because anything short of that is soft. Find out the truth about training frequency in this article by Mike Robertson.
The Truth About Training Frequency by Mike Robertson
Check out this article for a quick and simple guide on how to use isometric training with your athletes!
Isometric Training for Athletes by John Gaglione
I had a conversation with a friend the other day and I came to realize that, unless you study the body, the vast majority of people really don't understand muscle fiber types and why you train different muscle groups differently. The conversation was from a body-building/muscle hypertrophy standpoint, but the same can be said for performance training, as well.
So here's the story: Muscles in your body are made up of different type of muscle fibers, with the type denoting how quickly they can contract and, related to this, the different bioenergetics of each fiber. The muscle-fiber continuum is: Type I, Type IIc, Type IIac, Type IIa, Type IIax, Type IIx, with Type I being the slowest to fire but also the slowest to fatigue, and Type IIx being on the exact opposite end of the spectrum.
But why is this important to know if you are just trying to lift for aesthetic reasons? Well, because of the differences in how quickly each muscle fiber type fatigues, each type also displays different rep ranges, or more specifically times under tension, by which they optimally perform hypertrophy.
A couple examples are the hamstrings and calves. Hamstrings are predominantly Type II, fast twitch fibers in the majority of people, unless they have trained themselves to perform otherwise. This means that with hamstrings you really shouldn't go about 12 reps in a strength training set because they will begin to lose their fast-twitch characteristics. Calves are comprised of two main muscles--the gastrocnemius and the soleous. The gastroc is comprised of mainly fast-twitch muscle fibers, so it responds to heavier sets of less reps, while the soleous is more slow-twitch fibers, so it responds better to higher reps at lower weights.
As a basic rule of thumb, you can identify whether a muscle is fast-twitch or slow-twitch dominant by asking yourself, "Is the muscle used for form or for function?" In other words, it is a postural, tonic muscle, or is it an explosive-movement, phasic muscle?
Answer that question for yourself and apply those answers to your training to see increased results.
I have been watching the Parisi Speed School DVD series and right now I have finished the first disc of the combine training DVD. There is a ton of great content on these discs, but one thing that really stuck out to me was something Martin Rooney said at the end of this past disc. They were demonstrating the L-drill and he said at their facility they have a rule where if an athlete performs a PR in any test that athlete is done training for the day. The reasoning was that they wanted the athlete to end on a high note and also because they wanted the athlete's Central Nervous System to feel what a perfect time felt like.
I think over the past year my mindset has changed a lot such that I am now more accepting of an idea like this. Whereas before I would continue to push myself if I was having a great training day in an attempt to see how far I could go, I wonder if this would be a better training philosophy. Martin was saying this comment in reference to speed training, and I wonder if the same is applicable to strength training as well.
I think the biggest thing to take into consideration here is the technique being used. If you hit a strength or speed PR using perfect technique, and then hit the same time/weight but with flawed technique, I think it would make sense to either lower the weight or slow down the drill such that the final set/rep can be done perfectly. Clearly it doesn't make sense to end on anything less than perfection both from a motor-learning standpoint and also from an adrenal standpoint, the latter meaning if you continue to crank out sets at extremely high intensities until you execute perfect technique, you are only setting yourself up for injury and extreme fatigue.
Overall, I would say this training philosophy makes sense, but I think it needs to be put into perspective as well, more so for strength training than for speed training. Reason being, if after you warm up you hit, let's say, a 10-rep PR on squat and you got that tenth rep easy, meaning you probably could have hit at least three to five more but you stopped because you are testing 10RM, maybe you go up in weight and see if you can't hit another 10 at a higher weight. I guess you could create a thousand different hypothetical situations in which you could excuse yourself from this philosophy, but, as a general rule of thumb, I think it makes sense for both speed and strength training.
Our country is facing a health crisis, and I'm not talking about obesity. It's time for men to start training like men.
Train Like a Man! by Martin Rooney
Tired of moving at a snail's pace? Maybe you should stop training at one.
Why You Need More Power by Kasey Esser
One thing I have noticed that my life is lacking since finishing basketball my senior year is a competitive aspect, and I think this is the reality for the vast majority of adults. While you go to the gym to train, most people don't have a purpose as to why they are training, so why not give them one?
Instead of doing your traditional 3x8 for your weights and then hit the treadmill for a twenty-minute job, how about you spice up your training and add a competitive edge to it. I'm not talking about seeing if you can go up 5 pounds on each exercise either. I'm thinking you should take every single exercise you would normally do during a workout, say your Friday workouts, and do one set of each in rapid succession. Then go each a second time and possibly a third, fourth, or fifth time as well. Time how long it takes you to get through those circuits and keep your time each week. Your workouts leading up to your Friday workouts will be preparing you for that competition day, and you will find yourself more excited to work out on those days as well. After a month or two, switch up your Friday routine and set a new time goal for yourself. After a few months, go back through an old Friday workout and see if your time has improved. This will be a great way to mark progress throughout the year as well.
If you are trying to put on muscle mass, one thing that needs to be considered for each exercise is the tempo at which you are performing it. I know NASM and many other certifying agencies and textbooks want you to believe that 1 to 5 reps builds power, 3 to 7 reps build strength, 8 to 15 reps is for hypertrophy, and more than 15 reps in one set is for muscle endurance, but this is just not true. What these sources are actually trying to provide is a recommended "time under tension" for each training goal. However, because most people don't carry a stopwatch to gauge how long they have been lifting during a particular set, a rep count is used instead.
With this in mind, you can see why popping out a quick set of 12 reps isn't letting you pack on the pounds you are desiring. Next time you lift, instead of repping out sets as fast as you can with as much weight as possible, try adhering to a 3-second eccentric contraction (or negative) and then move the weight up (or down) as fast as possible during the concentric contraction. You will have to use less weight, probably anywhere from 20 to 40% less than you would normally use, but you will experience just as much fatigue as you would with greater weight and your muscles will have a greater time under tension, which will lead to greater growth.
Be warned, the eccentric contraction is what causes the most damage to a muscle fiber, so even though you are using less weight, with an emphasized eccentric like this you could experience significantly more muscle soreness a day or two post-workout than you normally would.
Have you hit a plateau in your strength training? Regardless of how "plateau-proof" a program may seem, eventually a plateau is inevitable. One thing that I have found to really help me break through these moments is to drop my working max for all of my core lifts, or at least the ones I feel like I am stagnant in, by 10%. Doing this allows me to work with weights that are well within my strength capabilities while still feeling taxed during the training session. Using this number as my working max, I bump my working maxes up by 5 to ten pounds after I finish each phase, allowing me to slowly work back to where I was when I plateaued. While this may seem like I taking steps backwards, the mental and physical relief of not having to work with maximum weights every day allows me to start making progress again and come back to my original working maxes stronger than before.
I initially wrote this program solely for my own use after having read “5/3/1” by Jim Wendler. I wanted to put my own spin on it, however, so I messed with the rep ranges and tweaked what I felt was unnecessary. After having spent the summer working in at Fitness Quest 10, I was in the mindset of doing total body lifts each strength session. I wrote that into SMS 1, and while it definitely served its purpose to build a base, I quickly realized that I much preferred a more traditional upper/lower/push/pull-type split.
I brought that split out in SMS 2, going with a lower, push, pull, arm split. In SMS 3 I got rid of the arms day and instead put half of Day 2 and Day 4 together and made one of those wholes the new Day 2 and the other the new Day 4. This was the split that was followed through SMS 6. With the start of the second half of Year 1, I made the switch from prescribed sets to timed sets. This brought a whole new intensity to the SMS series, with workout volume often doubling. With SMS 9 and SMS 10 came complexes to the core lifts each day (squat, bench, deadlift, and standing military). I also added isometrics to SMS 10. Those were tough. Then in SMS 11 and SMS 12 I cut back on the volume by removing the second pair of supplemental lifts. After going through a year of this training I have learned a lot in regards to programming.
The number one thing I learned from writing the SMS series is just how important having a deload week is to the overall progression of the program and of the athlete. (Just as a side note, I refer to anybody who does the SMS training series as an athlete.) Up until this point, I hadn’t ever taken a deload week in my training. At the start of the program I was questioning why I was doing it, as I was not feeling the need at all to lighten the weights. But as the year progressed, I looked forward to those weeks more and more. If you are interested in learning more of the science and theory behind the deload week, read my article “Deload To Reload” at http://selfmadefitness.com/selfmadearticles.
The second important thing I learned from SMS is how powerful auto-regulation is. I hadn’t ever done timed sets before this program, and I must say, I don’t know if I will ever go back to doing prescribed sets again. As I mentioned above, the volume of my workouts increased significantly, especially for the working sets of my core lifts. The feeling I had after completing the workouts during the first week of SMS 7 was very similar to how I was feeling after I would complete a Cratos workout. For more information on both timed sets and Cratos training, visit the above link and read the articles “Timed Sets for Auto-Regulation” and “Cratos Training”.
The third important thing I learned from SMS is to cut back on the supplemental lifts and keep those to one pair. After I did that in SMS 11, I was able to attack the first pair of supplemental lifts so much harder because I knew that I only had hips and abs after that. It also allowed my lifts to be completed in under an hour, which was a huge psychological boost knowing that I was getting stronger in less time. I didn’t feel that I lost any gains by cutting out that second pair. On the contrary, I felt as though I was getting stronger than before because I was able to lift harder during the single pair and recover faster as well.
Some questions that I still have to answer about SMS are: If I am switching up deadlift and squatting styles, why I am not switching up bench or military press styles? How beneficial is the military press day? Is there a way to mix the old and the new—the Russian conjugate periodization with the new way I learned to train athletes at FQ10? Where do Olympic lifts and kettlebells come into play in SMS, if at all? These are all questions that need to be answered before I write and release SMS2, but suffice it to say, if I learn as much about programming during this next year as I did during this last, we could be dealing with something very big. If you aren’t on this program, do yourself a favor and get on it. SMS2 coming at you in the next year.
Charlie Cates
Self Made, Owner
Charlie Cates is a human performance specialist and the owner of Self Made (http://selfmadefitness.com/) in Chicago, IL. He is a Certified Personal Trainer and Performance Enhancement Specialist through NASM and has worked with competitive and everyday athletes of all ages and ability levels, from 9-year-old kids to NFL MVP's. He can be reached via e-mail at charlie@selfmadefitness.com.
This article may be reproduced with biographical information intact.